Kashmir has been for centuries a place of attraction for all types of men. It has fascinated kings, conquerors, scholars, mystics and above all, men gifted with creative imagination. The unending varieties of its landscape, the magic of its natural scenery, the glistening glaciers and the rushing torrents are at once its strength and weakness, and the source of its triumph and tragedy. It has inspired alike marauders, who plundered it again and again, and poets and man of imagination who use all the ingenuity and sophistication at their command to describe its charm and prettiness. The people of such a blessed place had been victimised by the mighty rulers of adjoining regions by fair or foul means, since the dawn of Lidder Valley civilization. These rulers were alien and mostly from Central Asia or India. They ruled with the iron fist and subjugated the hapless masses to their whims. The immortal word of Kalhan, the illustrious historian of Kashmir, elaborates the crisis as “this land after having been virtuous women, has fallen like a prostitute into the arms of the insolent. Henceforth, whoever knows how to succeed by mere intrigue will aspire to that kingdom, whose power has gone”.
Kashmir’s independence was challenged in the second decade of the eleventh century,by Mahmood of Ghazni. Although, he was unsuccessful because of the internal stability and well preparedness of the rulers who took much care to keep a strong hold upon the entrances and roads leading into it. It was, however, the Mughals of Central Asia who after suffering several reverses, annexed this ‘isolated mountainous bowl’ a sovereign country, by deceit and by their wily tricks, merged it with their larger Mughal Indian Empire, thenceforth the affairs were conducted from Delhi, Lahore or Agra. Thereafter, the political and economic aspirations of the masses were made subservient to the rulers of alien lands.
which even today is not absent. Perhaps one of the reasons for the present upsurge is associated with this perceived loss of identity, which started in Mughal era.
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